Indian Capital Market Essay

History of Indian crown Markets S. Sowdeesram The history of the Indian chapiter markets and the stock market, in particular can be traced back to 1861 when the American Civil War began. The opening of the Suez Canal during the 1860s conduct to a nasty increase in exports to the United Kingdom and United States. Several companies were organise during this period and many an(prenominal) banks came to the fore to handle the finances relating to these trades. With many of these registered chthonic the British Companies Act, the Stock Exchange, Mumbai, came into existence in 1875.It was an unincorporated body of stockbrokers, which started doing business line in the city under a banyan tree. Business was essentially confined to troupe owners and brokers, with very little interest evinced by the ecumenical universe. There had been much fluctuation in the stock market on account of the American war and the battles in Europe. Sir Premchand Roychand remained a kingpin for many ye ars. Sir Phiroze Jeejeebhoy was another who dominated the stock market scene from 1946 to 1980. His word was constabulary and he had a great deal of influence over some(prenominal) brokers and the government.He was a good regulator and many crises were averted due to his cognition and practicality. The BSE building, icon of the Indian capital markets, is called P. J. Tower in his memory. The plan process started in India in 1951, with importance being given to the arrangement of institutions and markets The Securities Contract Regulation Act 1956 became the parent regulation after the Indian Contract Act 1872, a basic law to be followed by security markets in India. To regulate the dilute of share prices, the Controller of Capital Issues Act (CCI) was passed in 1947.The stock markets have had many turbulent multiplication in the last 140 years of their existence. The imposition of wealth and wasting disease tax in 1957 by Mr. T. T. Krishnamachari, the then finance minister, l ed to a huge fall in the markets. The dividend freeze and tax on incentive issues in 1958-59 also had a negative impact. War with China in 1962 was another memorably bad year, with the resultant shortages increasing prices all round. This led to a ban on forward trading in trade good markets in 1966, which was again a very bad period, together with the instauration of the Gold Control Act in 1963.The markets have witnessed several flamboyant times too. Retail investors began participating in the stock markets in a small way with the dilution of the FERA in 1978. Multinational companies, with operations in India, were obligate to reduce foreign share holding to below a plastered percentage, which led to a compulsory sale of shares or issuance of saucily stock. Indian investors, who applied for these shares, encountered a real lottery because those were the days when the CCI firm the price at which the shares could be issued.There was no free price and their formula was very co nservative. The next big boom and mass companionship by retail investors happened in 1980, with the entry of Mr. Dhirubhai Ambani. Dhirubhai can be tell to be the father of modern capital markets. The Reliance public issue and subsequent issues on various Reliance companies generated huge interest. The general public was so unfamiliar with share certificates that Dhirubhai is rumoured to have distributed them to educate people. Mr. V. P. Singhs pecuniary budget in 1984 was pathbreaking for it started the era of liberalization.The removal of estate duty and reducing of taxes led to a swell in the new issue market and there was a deluge of companies in 1985. Mr. Manmohan Singh as Finance rector came with a reform agenda in 1991 and this led to a resurgence of interest in the capital markets, only to be punctured by the Harshad Mehta scam in 1992. The mid-1990s saw a rise in leasing company shares, and hundreds of companies, mainly listed in Gujarat, and got listed in the BSE. The end1990s saw the emergence of Ketan

Dbq India vs Japanese Workers Cotton Industry

Japan and India in the 1880s-1930s had umteen similarities such as same economic change from mechanization to treatment and payment of the laborers in the cotton plant persistence, however, differences in players on social gender and employment rates. The Western influences of mechanization from modify countries increased both economies of India and Japan through the increase production of cotton. paperss 1 and 2 is tried and true data because the source being of educated authorities.In India cotton increased by doubled amount of its original production as cyphern in Document 1, but this only wouldve happened by filling traffic openings the machines came with based off the evidence in papers 6. The Indian economist, Mukerjee, is in favor of the private investors for bringing mechanization to India because it will increase trade in throughout the global trade ne devilrks connecting India to more parts of the world.Although Japan was by and by mechanized in cotton producti on, its increase of cotton yarn from twelvemonth 1884 to 1914 held higher percentage than India, in conclusion Japanese economies alike gained a better profit which would lead to connections to other parts of the world by exporting cotton. The vast amount of production in the cotton industry had employees from the fermenting and lower class.Contained in Document 5, Japanese cotton corporations remunerative their workers very low wages by taking advantage of the unembellished of people having the status of unemployment, an outcome of this is possible capitalist economy so the worker could not save m championy and try to start a care of his own. In comparison, India paid low wages in result to capitalism as comfortably, but also permits a worker for only twain age maximum because possible over-usage of workers reducing speed production represent in Document 9.A document from a factory owner containing the dough over the prison term of the cotton boom would be helpful in un derstanding the wages of employees being so low because its possible the owner had little money to give after buyingthe machines to produce cotton and also to payback its investors. With all the new mechanization and unemployment on the high, companies hired many workers. However, Japan hired giant amounts of women compared to India.Indian workers in the cotton industry principally consist of males because when under British ruling, women and children had labour laws where they could only work sure amount of hours that was less than males. Document 7 details the decline of women employees of years 1909-1934 because of these laws in place. However, Document 7 shows Japanese consistency of percentage in women employees because the Japanese society didnt cook any labour laws and women were cheaper to pay.Japanese families lived in poverty and saw their daughters as a way to have another(prenominal) source of income, because of subsistence farming most rural Japanese farmers sent the ir daughters to work for the good of the family in conclusion of document 4. We are given in document 3 the treatment and conditions on japanese workers through a individual(prenominal) recalling. The remembrance of her sister who died because of the work conditions could have altered her story, reservation the factory work seem much worse than what it might have been.However, if we had obtain a additional document containing the same standard of an Indian worker in the cotton industry showing how life was in the factories we could better compare and contrast the two countries work life. A personal letter to the workers family could show exaggeration of factory life similar to the one in Japan making a more fair comparison. Document 8 and 10 both photos taken by official documentors shows reliable source as documents. Both representing a picture of how factory workings was like in India and Japan with different gender workers between the two countries.India however in document 10 is using mechanized machines compared to document 8 where women are handweaving cotton. In document 10 we can see more amount of yarn compared to 8 showing India thriving instantaneous then in Japan factories that arent mechanized yet. The 1880s-1930s was a time where their was a economic boost for both Japan and India as well as employment rises but wages remain for the workers, however these countries differed on the workers they employed on gender and amounts.

Heart of Darkness Essay

The harlot was always considered primordial and did non be get on civilised after being with Kurtz, showing she had authorisation to stay who she was and not be influenced by the white man, as many black people were. Her office on Kurtz, however, was far in addition big and he could not help but be influenced by this wild woman and also by the country, in which she lived. Kurtz was also influenced and changed by the business office of Africa.He could have control over the natives but he would never be able to succumb to the heart of darkness. The mistress, herself was in truth a representation of Africa deal the wilderness itself which emphasises her power and compares it to that of her land into which level off white men were afraid to venture too deep. When Marlow looked at a map of Africa he described the Congo river as looking like a snake.This again makes the audience relate back to Adam and Eve. A snake which symbolised the devil convinced Eve to tempt Adam. So by means of with(predicate) this we ordure see that the mistress received some of her power with a greater source. Her inability to speak makes readers think of her as to a greater extent(prenominal) animal and primitive but this just adds to her mystery and makes her appear to a greater extent like Africa and at one with the power in it. the immense wilderness, the considerable body of the fecund and mysterious life seemed to look at her, pensive, as though it had been looking at the image ofits own tenebrous and overzealous soul. Emphasising these three characters power, Conrad uses a contrasting character for comparison. This character is Kurtzs think who was genuinely much opposite to the other females, in particular Kurtzs mistress. This woman was a typical Victorian fantasy This beauteous hair, this pale visage, this pure brow her forehead, smooth and white her fair hair seemed to catch all the remaining light in a glistening of gold. She is the type of woman any Bri tish man would want.The use of terminology such as fair, white, smooth and pure conveys her as being innocent and good and she was never spoken about in a sexual way- she seemed not to have any sexuality- which is a real powerful attribute to have. Someone with these characteristics is usually not very powerful. likewise her background she is British and British women were often marginalised from power or laterality due to males values so too would she be- she is no exception to this- more like an example of it. A year after Kurtzs remainder she still mourned him and tells Marlow I have survived. This tells readers she finds it great(p) to like without Kurtz- she is finding it hard to find the power to struggle on. Then when Marlow lies to her about Kurtzs brook words- readers are aware that he is does not believe she has enough military unit (power) to handle that kind of truth. This lie is made to maintain womens great and saving illusion. For this powerless woman Marlow w ants to help (her/women) to stay in that beautiful piece of their own This is contrasted with the other three powerful women as they were not in that beautiful world of their own.The aunt was intimately in a mans world- finding power from others in high places. The knitting women were represented as being in the after world having power over peoples lives and guarding the accession of Darkness therefore having the power (like the men believed they had over women) of deciding who could come in to their world and who could not. Then there was the mistress her personality and her world was the complete opposite to the intended (who was the representation of powerless).The mistress was considered wild, very sexual and uncivilised, living in an almost animal world obtaining her power from nature. The typical woman in the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, is represented as not possessing much or any power.This is seen through the eyes of a man therefore women are marginalised . They are excluded from the pop out of the story but when they do make an appearance, the aunt, the knitting women and the mistress all convey some sort of amazing power that is not typical to Marlows views and that men (of those times) do not consider or want women to have. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text edition This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Joseph Conrad section.

Mendus unconditional love

l promise to fasten do you unconditionally, to support you in your goals, to venerate and deference you. That is a line from a traditional wedding give that two people who love each some other say on their wedding day. Susan Em sacks believes that a brotherhood vow Is a present object to do something permanently, where that is distinct from having a permanent intention. (Emends, p. 238) Emends believes that sexual union vows are unconditional, she doesnt prize back that spousal Is unconditional however. She doesnt think espousal is unconditional because It can end In divorce. People say they fall push through of love, cheat, or think their significant other changed.Emends says that If you think that a person has changed and that drives you fall step up of love indeed you never real loved them. She also thinks that once you make the commitment In brotherhood vows, you should remain married take down If you feel Like you fell out of love. One reason that Emends b elieves marriage vows are unconditional Is because there Is no time limit on it. When you get married you do non decide that after so many ears you are going to get divorced, instead you plan to be happily in love for the rest of your lives. Throughout our lives we change and board and because of the vow you made to be together forever, there will be change.If your significant other changes you should remain married because you love each other. some other reason Emends believes marriage vows are unconditional is because you do non make terms and conditions. When you marry person and promise to love and honor you do not say so long as you dont.. (Emends, p. 238) When you love someone you love them for who they are, you wouldnt insure them l will love you if you.. If there were conditions then we would not be able to distinguish the difference between respect or admiration for the principles of another and the sort of unconditional commitment to him which the marriage vow invol ves. (Emends, p. 238) Loving someone is an honorable and cherish able thing. When you love someone you just want to slip by time with them and not tell them who to be. If there s any question whether you love your significant other or like characteristics about then you will begin to make conditions and if that happens you should not marry one another. Emends unconditional love By capital of Wisconsin each other say on their wedding day. Susan Emends believes that a marriage vow is vows are unconditional, she doesnt think that marriage is unconditional however. She doesnt think marriage is unconditional because it can end in divorce.People say if you think that a person has changed and that makes you fall out of love then you ever truly loved them. She also thinks that once you make the commitment in marriage vows, you should remain married even if you feel like you fell out of love. One reason that Emends believes marriage vows are unconditional is because there is no time limit o n it. When you get married you do not decide that after so many you.. If there were conditions then we would not be able to distinguish the someone you Just want to spend time with them and not tell them who to be. If there

Behavioral Management Theory Essay

As centering research continued in the 20th century, questions began to come up regarding the interactions and motivations of the singular within organizations. Management principles highly-developed during the classical period were simply non useful in transaction with many management situations and could not explain the behavior of individual employees. In short, classical opening ignored employee motivation and behaviour. As a result, the behavioural school was a natural outgrowth of this revolutionary management experiment. cover how behaviour management has changed over the years in the modern classroom we know today ?The behavioural management theory is often c exclusivelyed the gentle relations movement because it addresses the pitying dimension of work. Behavioural theorists believed that a cleanse understanding of human behaviour at work, such as motivation, conflict, expectations, and free radical dynamics, improved productivity.Discuss How does a better understa nding of human behaviour enhance our own techingThe theorists who contributed to this school viewed employees as individuals, resources, and assets to be developed and worked with not as machines, as in the past. Several individuals and experiments contributed to this theory.Elton Mayos contributions came as part of the Hawthorne studies, a series of experiments that rigorously applied classical management theory only to reveal its shortcomings. The Hawthorne experiments consisted of two studies conducted at the Hawthorne Works of the westerly Electric Company in Chicago from 1924 to 1932. The first champaign was conducted by a group of engineers seeking to determine the relationship of rubor levels to actor productivity. Surprisingly enough, they discovered that actor productivity increased as the lighting levels decreased that is, until the employees were unable to see what they were doing, after which performance naturally declined.Although the above experiments at the West ern Electric Company seem pretty introductory its interesting to note how productivity increased when workers concerns were addressed and considered do we think that the increased productivity is linked to employees feelings of valueA fewer years later, a second group of experiments began. Harvard researchers Mayo and F. J. Roethlisberger supervised a group of five women in a bank wiring room. They gave the women limited privileges, such as the right to leave their workstations without permission, take rest periods, jollify free lunches, and have variations in pay levels and workdays. This experiment too resulted in signifi cigargonttetly increased rates of productivity.Again the above experiment appears to give back employees control over their working conditions and can this flexibility within the piece of work contribute to the individuals feelings of self worth within their organisation or can the lack of routines/boundaries allow a slip shod working anatomyIn this ca se, Mayo and Roethlisberger concluded that the increase in productivity resulted from the supervisory arrangement rather than the changes in lighting or other associated worker benefits. Because the experimenters became the primary supervisors of the employees, the intense interest they displayed for the workers was the basis for the increased motivation and resulting productivity. Essentially, the experimenters became a part of the study and influenced its outcome. This is the origin of the term Hawthorne effect, which describes the special attention researchers give to a studys subjects and the impact that attention has on the studys findings.The general conclusion from the Hawthorne studies was that human relations and the social take of workers are crucial aspects of business management. This principle of human motivation helped exalt theories and practices of management.Abraham Maslow, a practicing psychologist, developed one of the most widely recognized guide theories, a theory of motivation based upon a consideration of human inescapably. His theory of human needs had three assumptionsHuman needs are never completely well-to-do.Human behaviour is purposeful and is motivated by the need for satisfaction.Needs can be classified according to a hierarchical structure of importance, from the lowest to highest.My interpretation of the experiments and the correlation to Maslows theory below demonstrates to me the importance of setting ground rules in the first type is paramount to ensuring workers or learners in our case have some impropriety over their patterns of working increasing motivation and individual feelings of self flirt with over their learning journeyMaslow broke down the needs pecking order into five specific areasPhysiological needs. Maslow grouped all physical needs necessary for maintaining basic human well-being, such as food and drink, into this category. subsequently the need is satisfied, however, it is no longer is a motivato r.Safety needs. These needs hold the need for basic security, stability, protection, and freedom from fear. A normal state exists for an individual to have all these needs generally satisfied. Otherwise, they become primary motivators. be and love needs. After the physical and safety needs are satisfied and are no longer motivators, the need for belonging and love emerges as a primary motivator. The individual strives to establish meaningful relationships with significant others. regard needs. An individual must develop self-confidence and wants to achieve status, reputation, fame, and glory.Self-actualization needs. Assuming that all the previous needs in the hierarchy are satisfied, an individual feels a need to find himself.Maslows hierarchy of needs theory helped managers externalize employee motivation.Douglas McGregor was heavily influenced by both the Hawthorne studies and Maslow. He believed that two basic kinds of managers exist. single type, the Theory X manager, has a negative view of employees and assumes that they are lazy, untrustworthy, and incapable(p) of assuming responsibility. On the other hand, the Theory Y manager assumes that employees are not only trustworthy and capable of assuming responsibility, but also have high levels of motivation.

Costco Wiki

Costco From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search non to be conf wontd with COSCO, a Chinese transport troupe. Costco grapple muckle Type Public Traded as NASDAQCOST Industry Retailing Founded 1983 (Kirkland, cap) Founder(s) pack D. Sinegal Jeffrey H. Brotman Headquarters Issaquah, Washington, U. S. Area served Worldwide Key people Jeffrey H. Brotman (Chairman) W. Craig Jelinek (President, chief operating officer & COO) Products disregard stores, Merchandise, capital & Carry/Wargonho commit unify Revenue US$ 88. 15 one thousand meg (2011)1 Operating income US$ 2. 439trillion (2011)1 Net income US$ 1. 462billion (2011)1 Total assets US$ 26. 761billion (2011)1 Total equity US$ 12. 002billion (2011)1 Employees 92,000 (2012)1 Website Costco. com Costco Wholesale Corporation is the seventh largerst retailer in the realism. As of July 2012, it was the one-fifth largest retailer in the unify States, and the largest social rank wargonho character club grasp in the joined States. 23 As of October 2007, Costco is the largest retailer of wine in the world. 4 circumscribe * 1 Location * 2 History * 3 Costco today * 4 Sales role model * 5 Membership * 6 Policies * 6. 1 home approach policy * 6. 2 nutriment stamps in the U. S. * 6. 3 Cash brainpowers * 7 Products * 7. 1 Kirkland signature tune * 8 Services * 8. 1 Online shop * 8. 2 Costco jaunt * 8. 3 Costco Connection * 8. 4 Food religious service * 9 Animal Welf be Concerns * 10 Labor relations * 11 International * 12 Locations * 13 Other wholesale formats * 13. 1 Costco line of work Center * 13. 2 Costco Home * 14 See withal * 15 References * 16 External links LocationCostco is headquartered in Issaquah, Washington, unite States5 and was founded in 1983 in Kirkland, Washingtoncitation needed with its commencement warehouse in nearby Seattle. 6 Today Costco has locations in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Taiwan, S forbiddenh Korea, Japan, and the United St ates. 7 History Logo used until the early 1990s. Founded by James (Jim) Sinegal and Jeffrey H. Brotman,8 Costco foundered its first warehouse in Seattle, Washington, on kinsfolk 15, 1983. 9 Sinegal had started in wholesale distribution by working for Sol place at both FedMart and wrong confederacy.Brotman, an attorney from an of age(predicate) Seattle retailing family, had in addition been involved in retail distribution from an early age. citation needed Wal-Mart founder surface-to-air missile Walton had plans to merge Sams club with Price Club. 10 In 1993, however, Costco merged with Price Club (called Club Price in the Canadian province of Quebec). Costcos business model and size were akin(predicate) to those of Price Club, which was founded by Sol and Robert Price in 1976 in San Diego, California. 6 Thus, the combined phoner, PriceCostco, was effectively double the size of each of its parents.Just subsequently the merger, PriceCostco had 206 locations generating $16b illion in annual sales. 11 PriceCostco was initially led by executives from both companies, but then Sol and his son Robert Price founded Price Enterprises and left Costco in December 1994. 6 The Costco in Moncton, late Brunswick Entrance in Henderson, Nevada In 1993, when growing competition threatened both Price Club and Costco Wholesale, they entered into a partial merger just after Prices earnings dropped to 40%. The new follow, reard PriceCostco, Inc. , focused heavily on multinational expansion, inconsiderateing stores in Mexico, South Korea, and England.Despite best efforts to recover losses, sales go on to drop. Disagreement between the two leaders, Robert Price and Jim Sinegal, regarding company direction and retrieval policies soon left the merger in tatters. In 1994, the breakup was officially inform. Sinegal continued to manage PriceCostco while Prices breakaway company was named as Price Enterprises. In 1997, the name of Sinegals company was changed from PriceCo stco to Costco Wholesale. The first Price Club location was opened in 1976 in an old airplane hangar,611 previously owned by Howard Hughes, and is still in performance today (Warehouse No. 01, located on Morena Boulevard in San Diego). In 1997, the company changed its name to Costco Wholesale and all Price Club locations were rebranded Costco. 611 CNBC premiered its documentary The Costco Craze Inside the Warehouse Giant on April 26, 2012. 12 Costco today In the United States, the master(prenominal) competitors operating rank and file warehouses are Sams Club and BJs Wholesale Club. 13 Although Sams Club has much warehouses14 than Costco, Costco has higher total sales volume. 15 Costco employs about 142,000 abundant and part-time employees,7 including seasonal workers.As of September 2009, Costco had 55 million members. 16 Costco was the first company to grow from zero to $3billion in sales in little than six historic period. 11 For the fiscal year ending on sumptuous 31, 201 1, the companys sales totaled $88. 915billion,7 with $1. 462billion net profit. 17 Costco is 24th on the 2012 prospect 500. 17 The ACSI (The Ameri burn Customer Satisfaction Index) named Costco number one in the strong suit retail store industry with a score of 83 in Q4 2008. 18 As of September 2010,19dated info Costcos board of directors is chaired by co-founder Jeffrey H.Brotman and embroils three officers of the company CEO/co-founder James D. Sinegal, President/COO W. Craig Jelinek, and CFO Richard A. Galanti. There are as well as eleven independent directors Hamilton E. James (the Lead Independent Director), gum benzoin S. Carson, Sr. , Susan Decker, Richard D. DiCerchio, Daniel J. Evans, William H. Gates, Sr. , Richard M. Libenson, John W. Meisenbach, Charles T. Munger, Jeff Raikes, and Jill Ruckelshaus. In the United States, Costco is closed on seven holidays New Years Day, Easter, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, and Christmas.Sales model common Costco warehouse interior Costco focuses on selling merchandises at low scathes, very ofttimes at very high volume. These goods are usually bulk-packaged and marketed primarily to large families and businesses. Furthermore, Costco does non carry multiple brands or varieties where the item is essentially the alike except when it has a house brand to sell, typically under the Kirkland Signature label. This results in a high volume of sales from a oneness vendor, allowing further reductions in price, and reducing marketing costs.If Costco management feels the wholesale price of a product is too high, they will refuse to post the product. For example, on November 16, 2009, Costco announced that it would stop selling Coca-Cola products due to the soft swallow shaper refusing to lower its wholesale prices. 20 Costco resumed selling Coca-Cola products on December 14, 2009. 2122 Costco excessively saves funds by not stocking extra bags or packing materials to carry out their go ods, customers essential bring their own bags or use the merchandise shipping boxes from the companys outside vendors.Lighting costs are reduced on sunny days, as most Costco locations tolerate several skylights. During the day, electronic light meters measure how much light is coming in the skylights and turn off an appropriate destiny of the interior lights. During a typical sunny day, it is very common for the heart and soul section of the warehouse to endure no interior lights powered on. 23 nigh products are delivered to the warehouse on shipping pallets and these pallets are used to video display products for sale on the warehouse floor. This contrasts with retail stores that break down pallets and stock individual products on shelves.Costco limits its price markup on items to 15%. 24 Membership Costco in Tlalpan, Mexico metropolis Costco is totally open to members and their guests, except for leveragings of liquor and spoiloline in rough US states because of state law and prescription drugs because of federal law. 25 Memberships must be purchased in advance for one year. Purchases make at Costcos netsite do not require a social station however, a 5% shear is added to purchases make by non-members. Purchases made with Costco Cash cards too do not require a membership, and there is no glom.Canadian and United States Costco locations only accept Ameri flowerpot Express, PIN-based debit bill of fares (Interac in Canada), Costco credit separate, Costco Cash Cards, coin, checks, and EBT cards (food stamps). While Costco welcomes members to bring up to two guests, only the members whitethorn pay for items. American Express is the only accepted credit card (in the United States, Canada, and Japan) because they charge Costco very low interchange fees (a percentage of receipts from total sales made) as Costcos margins are low in equivalence to other retailerscitation needed.Costco accepts Flexible Spending Account (FSA) debit cards for b ase on balls purchases at the pharmacy and ocular departments in the US. Costco. com accepts the American Express, Visa, MasterCard, and Discover cards. The website also accepts Bill Me Later accounts for payment. 26 As of November 2011, membership fees at Costco are $55 per year for a Gold Star (individual) or railway line membership (older memberships are grandfathered in at $50 per year), which can be upgraded to executive director membership for an additional $55 per year. 27 Along with the additional expediencys the executive membership offers (e. . home loans, car insurance, check printing services) Executive members also come across an annual 2% Rewards Check of up to $750. 00 from Costco on all purchases made, excluding mete out items much(prenominal) as gasoline, tobacco, stamps and in some states, alcohol. 28 In Canada, membership is CDN $55. 00 a year for a Gold Star membership and includes a card for a spouse, or CDN $110. 00 a year for an Executive membership. 29 In the United Kingdom, membership is restricted to accredited groups only. Trade membership is available to the owners or managers of businesses for ? 20. 00 (plus VAT).Trade members receive a complimentary spouse/partner card, and can purchase additional cards (at a cost of ? 12+VAT each) for employees. fitting sea captains such as solicitors, magistrates, accountants and engineers, as well as employees in certain specific sectors (such as medical services, education, topical anaesthetic government, the civil service, airlines and banking) whitethorn engage for individual membership, which costs ? 25 including a spouse/partner card. 30 A Costco card issued in another country is valid in the U. K. ,31 and as such, it would be possible for a U. K. esident to sign up elsewhere and use their card at home without meeting U. K. membership requirements. citation needed In Australia, membership is A$55. 00 a year for a business membership, or A$60. 00 a year for a Gold Star membershi p. 32 In Mexico, membership is MXN $450. 00 a year for a Gold Star membership, or MXN $ degree centigrade0. 00 a year for an Executive membership. 33 Costco is only open to members for all services and purchases. Mexican locations only accept currency and Visa Electron debit cards purchases with MasterCard or Visa credit cards have a surcharge of approximately 4%.Purchases with the Mexican Costco credit card keep cash prices. Policies Australias first Costco outlet, at Docklands, Victoria Return policy Costco memberships can be refunded in full at any time before they expire. 34 Costco guarantees nearly all of their products with a full refund within a fair(a) amount of time. Exceptions include televisions, projectors, computers, cameras, camcorders, digital audio players, and cellular phones these may be returned within 90 days of purchase for any reason for a refund.After 90 days those returns must be done through the producer according to the terms of the warranty. Also excep ted are tires (which are cover by their manufacturers separate defects and treadware warranties) and batteries (which are covered by a 36/100-month warranty, where they may be replaced for free in the first 36 months and are covered under a pro-rated warranty for months 37-100). Costco has negotiated with manufacturers to extend the manufacturers warranty to two years for new TVs and computers (five years on TVs sold by Costco in the UK).Costco also offers a free concierge service to members who purchase electronics, to help answer questions regarding frame-up and use and avoid potential returns due to not understanding how to use the products. 34 Food stamps in the U. S. Until 2009, Costco did not accept food stamps. As of action 14, 2009, an article in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette quoted Jim Sinegal, co-founder and president of the company, as saying, Generally we dont have customers who use food stamps. 35 In response to the poor economy, as well as competitor BJs Wholesale Clubs decision in April to accept electronic food-stamp benefits chainwide,36 Costco announced in May 2009 that it will accept food stamps on a trial basis in two New York City stores outset in June 2009 and depending on its success, might expand it to all New York City stores. 37 The company subsequently announced plans to expand the weapons platform beyond New York City, targeting first the hard-hit areas likeMichigan, Indiana, and the central valley of California, expanding to half its roughly 410 U. S. stores by Thanksgiving, and then going nationwide. 38 Cash Cards Costco Cash Cards can be purchased in the warehouse and members can load them with currency to make non-cash purchases at all Costco warehouses in the United States and Australia. Because Costco gas displace take only Costco Cash, debit cards, American Express, and Costco credit cards, people who can only pay for gas by check or cash must purchase a Costco Cash Card inside the create before filling up.A Costco Members hip is not required to make purchases with a Costco Cash Card. A non-member may not purchase or re-load a Costco Cash Card however, they may spend more than the total value of their cash card in-store turn ind they pay in cash or canonical debit cards for the remaining balance. 39 Products Over the years, Costco has gradually expanded its snip of products and services. Initially it preferred to sell only boxed products that could be mete out by simply tearing the strand so forth wrap off a pallet. It nowwhen? sells many other products that are more difficult to handle, such as fresh produce, meat, dairy, seafood, fresh baked goods, flowers, clothing, books, computer software, vacuums, home appliances, home electronics, solar panels, jewelry, tires, art, fine wine, hot tubs, furniture and caskets. Many warehouses have tire garages, pharmacies, tryout aid centers, optometrists, photo processors, and gas stations. Optometrists working at Costco locations will tick patients withou t Costco memberships. Costco Optical ranks as the fourth-largest optical company in the US. 40 A membership is required to fill a prescription at the optical department.Some locations have liquor stores, often kept separate from the main warehouse in order to comply with liquor license restrictions. In some states (such as Texas), the liquor store must be owned and operated by a separate company with separate employees. 41 In 2006, Costco lost a guinea pig against the state of Washington in which it was seeking to purchase wine promptly from the producer, bypassing the state retail monopoly. 42 In Australia, Costco has to comply with regulations set by each state they choose trade in their first store in the state of Victoria benefits from some of the most liberal lcohol licensing laws in the country, with retailers permitted to sell alcohol on shelves within the store, in a manner similar to most European countries, yet they have chosen to have a separate checkout within the liqu or section. citation needed Kirkland Signature Kirkland Signature logotype Kirkland Signature branded bottled water Kirkland Signature is Costcos store brand, otherwise know in the retail industry as an own-brand, house brand or private label. It is found exclusively at Costcos website and Costco warehouses and is trademarked by the company.The name derives from the fact that Costcos corporate headquarters was located in the city of Kirkland, Washington between 1987 and 1996. 43 Costco introduced Kirkland Signature as its house brand in 1995. The thinking was to identify categories in which a private label product could provide brand name quality at discounted prices. 44 To counteract the consumer confidence business common in store branding, Kirkland Signature sometimes relies on co-branding. gibe to Costco, while consumers may be wary of same-store-branding, they are less believably to be wary of brands that they are familiar with and trust. 45 Services This section does no t cite any references or sources. (October 2009) Costco acts as an investment broker and excursion agent. Costco has an agreement with Ameriprise for auto and home insurance. In 2004 Costco offered an original artwork by artist Pablo Picasso on their online store more recentlywhen? a highly regarded 1982 mutton Rothschild wine was offered as well as other rare wines in rotation. citation needed Costco Photo Center is a multi-functional photography printing lab pass services at the warehouses as well as through their web site, costcophotocenter. com.The website provides free unlimited digital file storage with a underway membership. Previous to May or June 2010, Costco had an agreement with Mypublisher. com for custom book and calendar publishing. Now,when? they print the photobooks and calendars themselves. Online shopping The domain costco. com attracted at least 58 million visitors in 2008 according to a Compete. com survey. 46 Costco Travel Costco Travel is a solely owned subsidiary of Costco Wholesale, and offers leisure travel to Costco members of the United States. 47 The program was completed in 2000 as a service to Costco members.Costco Travels offices are located in Issaquah, Washington, adjacent to Costcos corporate headquarters. Costco Travel employs 290 travel professionals, all of whom are Costco employees. The program offers vacation packages to Hawaii, Mexico, the Caribbean, Europe, Orlando, the South Pacific, the Desert Southwest and Las Vegas. citation needed Other products include cruises, maneuver vacations, theme park packages, houseboat rentals, hotel-only lodging and luxury vacation rentals. citation needed Select products hold additional benefits for Costco Executive Members. citation needed The program is marketed directly to Costco members through conglomerate Costco avenues, including the Travel Guide to Savings (found in all U. S. Costco warehouses), online in the Travel section of Costco. com. citation needed Costco Conne ction This section does not cite any references or sources. (September 2012) The Costco Connection is a magazine sent free to members of the warehouse club Costco and includes articles which regularly tie into the corporation along with business, health and social articles. Food serviceA food concession stand at the Costco warehouse in terrestrial Park, Kansas Most Costco locations have a food court, offering a quarter-pound 100% beef hot dog or polish sausage and 20oz drink (with refill) for $1. 50, the same price since 1985. 48 In Australia the hot dog is made of pork and is sold at A$2. 49 with large soda. In Canada the price for a hot dog and 20 oz pop drink with refill is 1. 50 CAD. 49 In Mexico, the hot dog is made of pork, and includes a drink (with refill) for $25 MXN. In the UK, the hot dog is also made from beef and you also get a drink (with refill) for ? 1. 50.Costco sold more than 82 million quarter-pound hot dogs in its food courts in 2008. 49 pizza is also available in most locations as cheese, pepperoni, veggie, or combo, and can be ordered to go at many locations. Frozen yoghurt is also served in chocolate, vanilla, or swirled together. Also offered are berry smoothies, mocha latte freezes, chicken bake, turkey provalogne sandwiches, twisted churros, chicken Caesar salads, and in some locations, gelato. French fries are also offered in some locations. referable to slow sales, the pretzel was replaced by the churro. 50 The nutrition data for the Costco Food Court items is stick on online. 51 In April 2010, certain Costco warehouses in the U. S. and Canada replaced their Coca-Cola drink fountain woofs with Pepsi, accompanied with a change in labels on the disposable cups. citation needed Animal Welfare Concerns In 2010, Mercy for Animals conducted an undercover investigation at Buckeye Veal Farm, a veal supplier to Costco. 52 Immediately following the investigative release, Costco adopted a policy against purchasing veal from producers t hat use the crate-and-chain production method. 53 The case prompted Ohio decision-makers to balloting in favor of a veal crate level-out in the state. 54 In 2012, Mercy for Animals conducted an undercover investigation at a pork supplier to Costco, Walmart, Safeway, Kroger, and Kmart. 55 Before the public release of the investigation, Costco announced they would begin requiring their pork suppliers to phase out gestation crates. 56 57 Labor relations While some spring Price Club locations in California and the northeastern United States are staffed by Teamsters,58 the majority of Costco locations are not unionized although there seems to be a move in 2012 to unionize some locations in Canada. 59 The non-union locations have revisions to their Costco Employee Agreement every three years concurrent with union flinch ratifications in locations with collective bargaining agreements. Only remotely similar to a union contract, the Employee Agreement sets forth such things as benefits, compensations, wages, disciplinary procedures, give holidays, bonuses, and seniority. The employee agreement is subject to change by Costco at any time and offers no absolute protection to the workers. As of March 2011, non-supervisory hourly wages ranged from $11. 00 to $21. 0 in the United States, $11. 00 to $22. 15 in Canada, and ? 6. 28 to ? 10. 50 in the United Kingdom. In the US, eighty-five percent of Costcos workers have health insurance, compared with less than fifty percent at Walmart and Target. 60 Product-demonstration (e. g. , food samples) employees work for an outside company. In the western U. S. , the company is called Warehouse Demo Services, Kirkland, Washington. 61 Costco also uses Club materialisation Services, based in San Diego, California. 62 In Canada, demonstrations are done exclusively by Professional Warehouse Demonstrations. 63 Demonstration employees receive a pay and benefit package that is less than that of Costco employees. 64unreliable source? I nternational Warehouses outside the US are similar to those in the US. Layout, signage, and even parking lot markings are mainly identical to warehouses in the US. citation needed Food court menus are tailored to outside(a) tastes, with poutine on offer in Canada, seafood-topped pizza available in Asian and Mexican locations, clam chowder in Japan, Taiwan South Korea, jacket potatoes in the UK and meat pies in Australia. 65 The merchandise mix available in warehouses is also tailored to local tastes, with a mix of both American and local products available. Map of Costco warehouses in the US. Locations As of October 26, 2012, Costco has 611 warehouses66 * 442 in the United States (including 4 in Puerto Rico) * 82 in Canada * 32 in Mexico * 22 in the United Kingdom. The latest to open is in Coventry. * 13 in Japan. The latest to open is in Kobe * 9 in South Korea. The latest to open is in Gwangmyeong * 8 in Taiwan * 3 in Australia The latest to open is in Sydney In 2005 the worlds largest Costco was located in Hillsboro, Oregon, U.S. 6768 Other wholesale formats Costco has experimented with other formats. Plans for Costco Fresh, a gourmet supermarket, were abandoned in February 2003. The membership-based format was to include a pharmacy, bakery, olive bar, deli, cafe, garden center and photo and optical departments, with products packaged in smaller quantities. 69 Costco Business Center Costco Business Centers carry restaurant, hospitality, janitorial, convenience store, and professional office supplies items are offered in bulk or in smaller quantities, and selection for a given category of product is much broader. 70 slant is available. Unlike traditional Costcos, products such as clothing, sporting goods, jewelry, tires, hearing aids, and optical products are not available. 70 A limited assortment of over-the-counter drugs and toiletries are sold, though there is no pharmacy. Some locations have a gas station and/or food court. All except San Diego have a Print & Copy Center. As of October 2012, there are ten Costco Business Centers, located in California (Commerce, Hawthorne, Hayward, and San Diego), Washington (Lynnwood, Fife), Morrow and Tukwila, Las Vegas, Nevada, and Phoenix, Arizona. 66 Costco HomeThe first Costco Home warehouse debuted in 2002 in Kirkland, Washington. The warehouses concept was to combine the value, setting and members-only elements of Costcos warehouse clubs with the product array one would find at an upscale home store, such as Fortunoff or Crate & Barrel. The Costco Home warehouses sold furniture, housewares, kitchen products and accessories from higher-end brands such as Lexington, Ralph Lauren and Waterford71 in a warehouse-club setting. Costco claimed that, similar to its main warehouses, it accepted lower margins in return for greater volume with minimal overhead.Over time, the concept was adjusted to include home electronics, some major appliances, office furniture, and a large selection of outdoor furniture and window treatments. Costco also partners with Glentel subsidiary WIRELESS etc. to sell mobile phones and plans in Canada and Wireless Advocates in the US. On April 2, 2009, the company announced that it would be abandoning its Costco Home concept, closing the two existing stores in Kirkland, Washington and Tempe, Arizona on July 3, 2009, and abandoning plans for a third store on the West Coast. 72 The company cited cutbacks in consumer spending on home products and its pastime in focusing on its core business as the main reasons. See also Seattle portal Companies portal * BJs Wholesale Club * bug out foods * Sams Club * Walmart * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * * The worlds fifth largest retailer by sales, Costco Wholesale Corp (Costco) cognize for its warehouse club model is also interested in coming to India and waiting for the right opportunity.

The Godfather and the Meaning of Family

The Godfather A family is a basic social unit consisting of parents and their children, and is considered a group, whether they roost together or non the traditional family, which usu aloney consists of family entertains and beliefs. In American literature family serves as a base in our baseb each(prenominal) club which can be shaped and molded into many different forms. Mario Puzos The Godfather demonstrates family as a successful business, with strict and traditional Italian roots. The grade is focuses on the Corleone family, a really close knit traditional Italian-American family, who all live on the same cul de sac and are neighbors to apiece other.Their business is based on the familys mafia operations. They live their lives in the midst of demonic. Some takes the law into their own hands, by avenging a crime to protect the weak man others use it to rise into a prepare of wealth and power. The executive or head of the Corleone family is the decision maker or shot call er he is like the Robin Hood of the Sicilians spate. To all those who turn over a penny proven their loyalties to him are entitled to help from their Godfather. He is unforced to help anyone who calls them his fri determination be set out he trusts that Friendship is everything.Friendship is more than talent. It is more than the government. It is close the equal of family (Puzo 38). The executive or head of the Corleone family is beginner Vito and after his death, Michael his youngest son, who subsequent takes the role. In a sense, both in the sweet and film pay back and ends with the Godfather and some may call him the break. Through they both have very different experiences, they are believed to be infinitely more intelligent and less(prenominal) obviously corrupt than any of the other characters developed in the point (Williams 77).Both are willing to accommodate their competitors, take a step back, and not get involved unless necessary, for they believe to never ha te your enemies because it affects your judgment and to nourishment their friends close and their enemies closer However, they are considered to be the most powerful unionised crime family in the United States. Great men are not born great, they climb up great, and so it was with Vito Corleone. Vito Corleone made the final step from a quite ordinary, somewhat ruthless businessman to a great Don in the world of criminal enterprise.It did not happen in a day, it did not happen in a year, but by the end of the Prohibition period and the start of the Great Depression, Vito Corleone had become the Godfather, the Don, Don Corleone (Puzo 213). A family of organized crime that is some measure portrayed as so lovingness and helpful, that we dont always think of them as bad guys per say. They have respect and are behaved in a way that is very elegant. just now of course there are times when they must take carry out upon themselves even if it is against the law.It is a known that the m ain focus of a stereotypic Mafia family is centered around the use of violence. For instance, in both the novel and film, Connie Corleone the daughter of the Don Vito gets married to an abusive and gets beaten down while pregnant, which later becomes one of the reasons for his death. Aside from that we also master many deaths cause by the vengeance and business. Another example is the opening of the movie, when Bonasera states I believe in America. America has made my fortune. And I raised my daughter in the American fashion.I gave her freedom, but I taught her never to dishonor her family as he tells Don Vito, his grief about what had happen to his daughter (The Godfather). The family is cruel notwithstanding respectable, violent yet sophisticated and heartless, but not without rules. We as a viewer or a reader can fell the evil and come to sympathize with the Corleone family. The Godfather permits an audience to support the mafia lifestyle and the sins theyve commit. We overl ook what is supposed to be right and sympathize with the lifestyle of these mobsters.We side with Corleones crime because of such quotes like A man who doesnt spend time with his family can never be a real man, when Don Vito Corleone says this, we as the audience find ourselves liking a character they dexterity not otherwise like. In America we tend to sympathize with people who are compassionate and are family oriented. Those who make their family priority number one, who shows and submit true respect and defines a man by the amount of time he spends with those he loves. The Godfather narrative was able to supply the idea of a strong and benevolent father to take care of both family and an unimpeded business life, as stated in the MELUS Article, The Godfather and American tillage How the Corleones Became Our faction by Mary Ann Mannino. This simple image of a genuine family value allows for anyone to relate and understand the character even though at times the character may be immoral. Towards the end, Michael states if I can die saying, conduct is so beautiful, then nothing else is important.If I can believe in myself that much, nothing else matters. He would follow his father. He would care for his children, his family, his world. But his children would grow in a different world. They would be doctors, artists, scientists. Governors. Presidents. Anything at all. He would see to it that they joined the general family of humanity, but he, as a powerful and wise parent would most certainly keep a wary centerfield on that general family when family again is reconfirmed (Puzo 411). Works Cited Mannino, Mary Ann. The Godfather and American Culture How the Corleones Became Our Gang. . MELUS 28. 3 (2003) 218-232. Literature Resource Center. Web. 16 Nov. 2012. Puzo, Mario. The Godfather. Greenwich Fawecett, 1969. Print. Simon, William. Analysis of the Structure of The Godfather, lift off One. Studies in the literary Imagination 16. 1 (1983) 75-90. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism Select. Detroit Gale, 2008. Literature Resource Center. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. The Godfather. Dir. Francis Ford Coppola. Perf. Marlon Brando and Al Pacino. prevalent Pictures. 1972. DVD.

Hewlett Packard The Company Commerce Essay

In 1938, two Stanford alumnuss in electrical technology, William Hewlett and David Packard, started their own(prenominal) concern in a garage behind Packard s Palo countertenor place. One twelvemonth subsequently, Hewlett and Packard formalized their concern into a partnership called Hewlett-Packard.HP was incorporated in 1947 and began offer stock for public trading 10 old ages subsequently. Annual last(a) unwashed for the familiarity grew from $ 5.5 million in 1951 to $ 3 billion in 1980. By 1997, one-year net gross exceeded $ 42 billion and HP had become the universe s second largest cipher mould provider.The caller, which originally produced audio oscillators, introduced its first computation implement in 1966. In 1972, the association pioneered the epoch of personal computer lore by presenting the first scientific, handheld reckoner. Hewlett-Packard introduced its first personal computing machine in 1980. Five old ages subsequently, HP introduced the LaserJet pressman, which would go the company s most winnerful merchandise of all time.The HP WayIn 1956, Bill Hewlett, Dave Packard, and a smattering of other HP executives gathered at the Mission gild in Sonoma, California, to make a set of quantifys and rules to steer their company. The sextette aims that this little group later created non merely helped determine a revolutionary sort of company, precisely finally became the foundation for what came to be known as the HP fashion. The six aims, which subsequently became seven, be1. Acknowledge that net income is the outdo step of a company s part to society and the final beginning of corporate strength 2. Continually better the order of the merchandises and go offered to clients 3. Seek vernal chances for growing notwithstanding concentrate attempts on Fieldss in which the company rump do a part 4. Supply habit chances that include the opportunity to portion in the company s success 5. Keep an organisational environment that Foste rs single motive, inaugural and creativeness 6. Show vertical citizenship by doing parts to the community 7. Stress growing as a demand for endurance.Hewlett-Packard is the universe s largest design company.Largely known as a manufacturing business of pressmans, the company is the universe s top shaper of Personal computers and has been tied with dingle for the lead in the United States.HP focuses its Social Innovations in three countriesHP in EducationHP in HealthHP in the CommunityHP believes training is the anchor to societal advancement and prosperity. We are working to give pedagogues, pupils and greenish enterprisers the cognition and accomplishments to turn to pressing challenges in their communities and around the universe.Health is a cardinal precedence for authoritiess all over the universe. The quality of health foreboding determines the quality of masses s lives. Millions of people do non hold accession to the really rudimentss of wellness attention vagabond, and in many states wellness service are merely non presenting quality attention in an effectual and effectual mode. Even in the states where wellness services are strong, the cost verbalism is unsustainable for the patients, suppliers and remunerators.Each twelvemonth, 1000s of HP employees donate money, clip and expertness to assist others.Products & A ServicessHp is a fetching company, offering merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to consumers, little and average surface concerns and big organisationsHewlett-Packard Company ( HP ) is a taking company offering a broad scope of merchandises, engineerings, package, solutions and services to single consumers, small- and moderate-sized concerns ( SMBs ) and big endeavors, including clients in the authorities, wellness and instruction sectors. Its ope balancens are organized into seven sections Servicess, green light Storage and Servers ( ESS ) , HP Software, the Personal Systems assembly ( PSG ) , the Imag ing and Printing Group ( IPG ) , HP Financial Services ( HPFS ) , and Corporate Investments. Services, ESS and HP Software are reported jointly as a broader HP Enterprise Business.Hewlett-Packard s concern is huge in range and size. The company manufactures more(prenominal) than 24,000 electronic merchandises and systems for measuring, calculating, and computation. The world-wide ope symmetryn with research installations fabrication workss and gross revenues, service, and obligate offices spread crossways the U.S. and more than 120 states.Mission Statement of Hewlett Packard We are committed to stoping a broad scope of advanced merchandises and multimedia services that challenge the manner consumer s entree and enjoy digital amusement. By guaranting synergism amidst concerns within the organisation, we are besides invariably endeavoring to make exciting tender universes of amusement that can be experienced on a pastiche of different merchandises. Vision statement of Hewle tt Packard We recognize and seize chances for growing that builds upon our strengths and competences. ameliorate Mission statementTo supply merchandise, services and solution of highest quality and present more value to our clients that earn their regard and trueness.Improved Vision statementTo see alteration in commercialise as an chance to turn, to utilize our net income and to mogul to develop and bring forth advanced merchandises, services and solutions that satisfy clients need.Why?They are picture and to the point. It is foregrounding all the chief points.Comparison of Mission statement to a taking rival statementIBMAIBM, we strive to take in the innovation, development and sedulousness of the industry most advanced information engineerings, including computing machine systems, package, storage systems and microelectronics. We scan these advanced engineerings into value for our clients through our professional solutions, services and confer withing concerns worldwide. di ngleA dingle mission is to be the most successful computing machine company in the universe at presenting the best client experience in market places we serve.Mission Statement Evaluation MatrixOrganizationCustomersMerchandises or ServicessMarketsConcern for Survival, Growth, ProfitabilityTechnologyDoctrineSelf-ConceptConcern for Public ImageConcern for EmployeesHewlett PackardYesYesNoYesYesYesYesYesYesIbmYesYesYesNoYesNoNoYesNodellYesYesYesNoYesNoYesYesNoINTERNAL ASSESSMENTFinancial Ratio AnalysisRatio20062005Gross net income border24.53 %23.61 %operating(a) net income border7.15 %4.00 %Net net income border6.76 %2.7 %Current ratio1.351.38Quick ratio1.131.16Inventory turnover ratio8.939.63Gross good dealss to receivables ratio8.438.75Tax return on assets13.0 %6.9 %Debt to charge ratio6.52 %9.12 %Working capital$ 12,414$ 11,874Gross net income border ratioThe gross net income has change magnitude from 23.61 % to 24.53 % . This manner that profitableness at the basic degree has change magnitude from old twelvemonth. This is a mark of high-priced ratio.Operating net income borderProfitableness in front elaboration and revenue enhancement has increased from 4.00 % to 7.15 % . This means that efficiency of the concern before taking any documentation has increased from the old twelvemonth. This besides is a mark of good ratio.Net net income borderThis besides has increased from 2.7 % to 6.76 % . This means that overall profitableness has besides increased. This is a mark of good ratio.Current ratioCurrent ratio has diminish from 1.38 to 1.35. This means that working capital to run into short term duties has decreased, which shows a hapless usage of working capital. This is a mark of bad ratio.Quick ratioThis ratio has besides decreased from 1.16 to 1.13. So this shows that the ability to pay immediate monetary duties has besides decreased. This speedy ratio is acceptable but has decreased.Inventory turnover ratioThe ratio has decreased from 9.63 to 8. 93, which means that more capital is tied up in stock list which is non a good mark.Gross dealss to receivables ratioIt besides has decreased from 8.75 to 8.43. This means that the efficiency in roll uping histories receivables has deceased.Tax return on assetsThis ratio has increased from 6.9 % to 13.0 % .This is the mark of good ratio.Debt to worth ratioThis ratio has decreased to 6.52 % from 9.12 % . This means that debt funding has decreased and therefore the hazard besides has decreased.Working capital.Working capital has increased from $ 11,874 to $ 12,414. This shows that the ability of a company to digest rugged fiscal periods has increased.Market Positioning Maporchard apple treeSonyHP High QualityDellGatewayToshibaHigh monetary value competitory monetary valueLow QualityStrengthsLeading supplier of personal computing machines and imaging and beliefHewlett-Packard s primary strength is its businessA place. The endeavor has a big sum of hard currency in manus.Multi-vendo r client services, including substructure engineering and concern surgeryA outsourcing, engineering support and care, application development and support servicesA and consulting and integrating servicesThe company competes both(prenominal) at topical anesthetic and international degree. It has increased its fight through policies and schemes that supports free-market sparing systems.Organized into 7 concern subdivisions with strong place in eachHewlett-Packard is a tellurian endeavor and especially after itsA mergerA with Compaq, the company became universe s biggestA computing machine hardwareA and peripherals consort in the universe and has ranked 20th in the Fortune 500 list.Strong fiscal considerationGlobal figureheadAbility to supply end-t0-end IT solution H/W, application development and supportHighly talented work forceGood Operational EfficiencyFailingsFiscal status leans really to a great extent on the province of our economic system non merely in the US but worldwi de pretermit of in-house bearing consulting divisionR & A D section has importantly less investings compared to historical disbursementPay cuts has brought low morale to employees dependance on third-party providers, and our gross and gross border could endure if HP fails to break off providers decently.Fighting to Add Value and Remain Profitable in Low-Cost High-Volume Personal computer Business.HP did non yet hit a CMDBA productA that includes find and function. This cause many clients to exchange the job reach.The past encyclopedism of Peregrine made the HPsA portfolioA even more diverse and complete but HP Open View s deficiency of mainframe delegacy capablenesss created several jobs.Slow velocity to market or reactivityINTERNAL FACTOR EVALUATIONNO, sINTERNALStrengthW eightsEvaluationWEIGHTED SCORE1ProductionAdaptability.104.402Financial Ratio.104.403MerchandiseDependability.154.604Customer Relationship.104.405Construct To enact.053.156Monetary value.103.30Supply Chain.1 03.307Leading engineering.104.40INTERNALFailingWeightEvaluationWEIGHTEDMark8Small MerchandiseDiversification.053.159 apt capital is underestimated.103.3010No BusinessDiversification.102.20Entire1.003.6EXTERNAL ASSESSMENTMajor Rivals of HEWLETT PACKARD CORPORATIONHP faces a really strong competition with a figure of companies fabricating quality and technologically advanced merchandises. As HP has specialized in a figure of merchandises runing from pressmans to laptops and Personal computers, it faces competition with different companies in different classs. In the laptop fabrication industry HP has rivals handleApple Inc.AcerLenovoDell Inc.ToshibaIn the publishing supply market tough competition was presented byKodakCanonBasicsOffice computer memoryHP is a corporation that has diversified its merchandises to a really good extent. It is a popular trade build known for pressmans and Laptops. Its rivals are from both the sides. It faces a really tough competition with Apple Inc. Ap ple has been number in the last few decennaries as a major plant in technologically really advanced merchandises like Mac. HP laptops sale has see a really important addition in the 2007 worldwide. As the demand for Personal computers goes t addition xxiv hours by twenty-four hours, companies are continuously germinating their engineerings to better the map ability of the devices.Harmonizing to the statistics HP has 16 per centum of the laptop market in their custodies which is 2nd to Dell which controls 19 per centum of the market. Dell and HP are considered as the top rivals in the laptops industry. The market that the Apple Inc holds is non affected by the alterations happening in the Microsoft Windows.COMPETITIVE PROFILE MATRIXHewlett Package dell Apple Inc.CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORWeight rateMarkRatingMarkRatingMarkTechnological promotion0.230.630.640.8Product Quality0.130.320.240.4 damage Competitiveness0.130.340.430.3Customer Loyalty0.0530.1520.140.2Global enlargement0.140.4 40.430.3Globally to the full functional0.140.440.430.3 plan0.1530.4520.340.6Ad0.0530.1520.140.6Market Share0.0530.1540.230.15After sale services0.0530.1530.1520.1Management0.0230.0630.0640.08Global Handiness0.0840.3630.2420.16 integrality1.003.473.153.99OpportunityGlobally acceptable package used in the laptops which makes them easy to utilize and fix.The company is spread through the universe and has a really effectual direction that invariably keeps a cheque on their merchandises working.The monetary values are really low-cost.The HP is continuously supports on updating their engineering which keeps the participation of the clients integral.They have a line of laptops specifically for the different categories of people establish on their affordability.Their line of Laptops COMPAQ has a really strong clasp of the intermediate category people which includes pupils besides.HP is preferred by concern people because of its easy use.Bing globally available people find it easier to acq uire their laptops or pressmans repaired.The cartridges are easy available for the pressmans.The direction at the company has taken a great measure and advertised in different states really interestingly.HP has marketed itself a user friendly and a trade name that is meant for the ordinary people doing them experience extraordinary.Bing technologically friendly their operations can even be carried out globally which cuts down their outgos.In the printing industry HP has been able to present really advanced pressmans and has erased a market for the optical maser jets.HP because of the printing industry has a name and repute in the large concerns.The warrants that the HP gives for their merchandises attract the clients.Invention is the tell apart to the success of HP.They are continuously presenting tender merchandises and variegations in their merchandises.HP is ontogeny corporate immune systems aimed at assisting concerns prevent and support against turning security system me naces.Changeless research being carried out in HP LabsThe invigorated HP Labs Innovation Research Program invites the world-wide academic community to defeat proposals related to current research in the countries of information detonation, dynamic dapple services, content transmutation, intelligent substructure and sustainability.MenaceBiggest menace to the HP is Apple Inc s MAC. The popularity of the Mac can earnestly harm the market for the HP laptops.The HP is non paying attending to the designing of their Laptops or customization like DELL and VIVO does.The advanced behaviour of Apple Inc can be a serious agentive role in the falling of gross revenues of HP.HP has marketed itself as a trade name for the ordinary people which is really good appreciated but their ads need to hold famous persons to back their merchandises.H P s biggest menaces on a system degree looking at companies with a wide comprehensiveness of storage, waiters, and professional services would be IBM. I w ould besides indicate to EMC as their strongest overall menace in the storage market, particularly since the beginning of 2003.HP association with the descrying dirt.Many little companies are lifting underdeveloped cartridges for the pressmans of HP. This can harm the market that the HP holds of the cartridges.Raising both the controversialA 1998 DMCAA and computing machine offense Torahs, HP has threatened to action a police squad of research workers who publicized exposure in the companysA Tru64 Unix runing system.genus Acer is going the new menace to the laptop market that the horsepower holds because of low-cost monetary values.The new Acer merchandise has an unheard of battery life of up to eight hours. The Personal computer is light and thin. It will retail for less than $ 1000.The ACER laptops are of lower monetary value and more low-cost.The ACER and DELL offer better quality and characteristics in the similar monetary value where HP offers a laptop with ordinary characte ristics.HP differentiated the market by offering COMPAQ computing machines which are of lower monetary value and meant for the in-between category. Thus sort of categorization can turn off the clients.IPads and Samsung manus tablets are a serious menace to the horsepower laptops.Dell is squashing HP on monetary value in the low-end waiter market, piece of music IBM is holding more success winning moneymaking trades for strategic services. Analysts accept a package acquisition to hike net incomes.The Compaq amalgamation helped HP vault to No. 1 in storage and No. 2 in waiters while going stronger in tech services. In the quaternate one-fourth the corporate unit s gross revenues rose a surprising 10 % . Still, HP is fighting with profitableness at the same clip IBM and others are harvesting strong net incomes. Even with HP s top-line additions, the borders and net incomes declined.HP s incompatibility has taken a toll on its stock monetary value. The company s portions trade merel y shy of the degree that analysts say the pressman concern is worth all on its ain. Fiorina has improved HP s record of run intoing Wall Street s outlooks. But she still has missed analyst prognosiss in seven of the past 20 quarters, draging the path records of major challengers.A Hewlett-Packard had been losing its effectivity due to the altering profile of the company.HP Labs, as an organisation, has non been as successful with engineering transportation as it should be within the mise en scene of a corporate research lab.HP s board dogged to replace Fiorina, following a rollercoaster drive as CEO that include the controversial acquisition of Compaq Computer Corp. , a monolithic reorganisation of the company s concern units and a important rise in grosss since Fiorina s reaching.

Corporate social responsibility in Nordstorm Essay

From the case study and the e-Activity, determine ii (2) key reasons why people value the customer service that Nordstrom provides. Examine Nordstroms on- expiry corporate social state activities, and suggest sensation (1) additional meet that the company could take to further strengthen its corporate social responsibility efforts. two reasons why people value the customer service that Nordstorm provides.1. With the upstart downturn of the economy, some people can relate more to the needs of others. This has change the outlook of most when it comes to association service or braggart(a) back. It seems that people get a heartwarming feeling to know that they be shopping for a cause with that mindset that a portion of their money for a $200 pair of shoes is going to a greater cause. For instance, I recently purchased a pair of TOMS from Nordstorm. Once I odd I felt really good to know that my purchase was going to give a child in another country a pair of shoes and help Nords torn with their social responsibilities. This feeling was achieved with just one simple purchase and minimum effort which is what this company is trying to promote.2. some other aspect that attributes to Nordstorms customer service is the quality of clothing that they advise to consumers. They keep up with trends and what is current in society. They provide their customers with a spacious variety of selection that you would not see in most stores. They withal have a courtesy staff that gives constructive opinions of their inventory.From the scenario, suggest two (2) reasons why you believe it is important for Walters Aeroworks to take its corporate community into good will when addressing social responsibility. Assess the value of a reputable corporate symbol when considering expanding the companys current operations. Provide a rationale for your response.Two reasons why I believe it is important for Walters Aeroworks to take its corporate community into consideration when add ressing social responsibility. 1. It presents a positive image to the employees, clients and the general public. Moreover, it plant a practice what you preach

Persuasive Letter Essay

Possible internships for your company In such a successful and regnant company such as, M&M Title Services, inc. , you probably be a very busy company. Sometimes having a few special(a) people around to help out in the company dissolve be very helpful. For this reason, City College is offering well trained and restricted interns to educate and internship in your company.At City College, our educatees are very unflagging and intelligent people. In order for us to allow a student to become an intern, they must meet certain requirements such as having effected two or much courses in the area of internship and received a B or better. According to our internship program Interns that work for your company jakes either be paid or unpaid, should involve substantive work supervised by someone in your company and must shoot at least 100 hours of on-site work experience during the term.We at City College are more then willing to discuss and compromise on any of these requirements. Y ou may be debating whether or not students at City College can really be good interns, but permit me assure you, these students are one of the best and can be capital interns. I encourage you and your company to have one or more of our students intern in your company, you wont trouble it. Sincerely, Stephanie Morales Stephanie Morales Director of Internship Program

Influences that helped Nayar to create

Abstract In this paper, an analysis will be made about the Innovative draw Vineet Nayar, a former CEO of HCLT. This paper examines and describes his leadership techniques within his organizations. In this paper, I will analyze the orbiculate trends that influenced the need for Nayar to create a more Innovative organization. Also, this paper will introduce the five baring skills and assess Nayars utilisation of them as an innovational leader within his organization. Lastly, I will make recommendations for improvement on use of the uncovering skills.Factors In the global environment that Influenced Nayars need to create a more modernistic organization In the article A Maverlk CEO Eplalns How He Persuaded HIS group to Leap into the Future, Vineet Nayar was the president of the Delhi-based IT service provider, HCL Technologies. In 2005, Nayar noticed that his familiarity was losing commercialise share and assessmentshare. He also noticed that his competitors were becoming more deepen at substantial rates each year. According to Nayar, a global organization is one that Inverts the pyramid of the organisational structure and Is more entrepreneurial (2013).Nayar traveled to locations around the world and had meetings with senior managers where he would listen to their ideas they would verbalize honestly, and face the truth. According to Nayar, This method enabled people to see that a modify has to be made. This technique came to be called Mirror Mirror. Nayars use of the five denudation skills and how he used those skills to create an According to The DNA of Innovators, an organizations success vanes systematically throughout the business life cycle. The discovery skills are most vainglorious in the early phases of a businesses life cycle (Dyer, Gregersen, andChristensen 2011 The five discovery skills are associating, questioning, observing. networking and experimenting. Associating, as Dyer, Gregerson, & Christensen (2011) stated, happens as the b rain tries to make sense of allegory inputs. Associating helps innovators discover brand-new directions by making connections across seemingly orthogonal questions, problems or ideas (pg 23). When Nayar determined the direction he wanted his company to go in Is when he used the associating skill. Although his company was doing very well at the moment, he noticed key points that allowed him accept the fact that his company eeded a new strategy.The second discovery skill is questioning. In The DNA of Innovators, Innovators aim questions to understand how things really is today, why they are that way, how 1 OF2 included his employees to adventure out their outlook and ideas. He questioned them to determine which direction they thought the company needed to heed in. Nayar also spoke to and questioned customers to find out their likes and dislikes with HCL. He realized that the value zone for his company was between the customers and the frontline employees. The third discovery ski ll is observing.Innovators use this skill by carefully watching the world around them so that what they see can help them build ideas for new ways to do things. This is what Nayar was doing when he traveled to locations around the world. He was attempting to evolve insight on his company on a larger scale. The quaternate discovery skill is networking. The idea networker does not simply network to convey themselves or gain relationships to possess desired resources. According to Dyer, Gregerson & Christensen, the idea networker, networks to actively tap into new ideas and insights by talking with people who have various(a) ideas and erspectives. By Nayar speaking with his front line employees and customers to gain insight on the direction of his company, this is a form of networking ideally. The last discovery skill is experimenting. Innovators use this skill by traveling to new places, seeking new instruction and nerve-racking new things ideas. Nayar experimented when it used the EFCS concept. This concept reversed the hierarchal organizational structure by which he valued the ideas and thoughts of his employees on a great scale. He saw it best to get information from the people who where ctually dealings with the outside world daily, and knew what the customers wanted.Opportunities for Nayar to improve his use of the skills that encourage and support innovative organizations Ultimately, Nayar worked the discovery skills very well. He made rational thought through decisions that ended up benefiting his company greatly. I do feel that although Nayar changed the traditional organizational hierarchy, he cannot forget about his managers and higher level executives. Although he bridged the gap and received valuable information, he has to keep in mind that he placed people in those ositions for a reason and consequently he should value their opinions on the situation as well.Networking is also something he has to make sure he continues to build on. This is very important when trying to build an organization on a global scale.

Rules of Interpretation

A jurisprudenceis a formal written enactment of alegislativeauthority that governs astate,city, orcounty. Typically, statutes command or veto something, or decl be policy. Statutory generateationis the process by which butterflys interpret and applylegislation. Some amount of interpretation is always necessary when a effect involves astatute. Sometimes the watch course of a statute make believe a plain and straightforward meaning. But in many cases, in that respect is someambiguityor vaguenessin the talking to of the statute that must be resolved by the judge.To amaze the meanings of statutes, judges use unhomogeneous tools and methods of statutory interpretation, including blueprints of interpretation. The five (5) main orders of statutory interpretation are 1. The condition Rule When the context tower is used to interpret an act it is soundless with reference to the words which are in immediate connection to it. This rear end be expressed by the Latin maximum nosci tur a sociis which message a word whitethorn be known by the order it keeps when translated.The context rule is a more accurate way of construe a statute because in each rule we tend to find out the meaning of a statute by learning most the context in which it was written. When a word stand al one(a) it may take a leak one specific definition however when one word is used in more than one context it may have a variety of different meanings. When using the context rule one should consult the definition section of the statute and the Interpretation Act. 2.Interpretation in the luminance of Policy ( The Fringe Meaning) Courts often announce that that they are trying to assume the object of the legislature when interpreting statutes. If the courts find it difficult to decide whether a particular situation falls within a statute or not, the situation was probably unforeseen by the legislature. In this case the members of fan tan would be just as confused as the judges. When stat utes are constructed the shaper of the document may not mean to include that which the court is refer to ascertain, but they have said. . The Mischief Rule When the mischief rule is use the act or document is to be constructed to suppress mischief and push the remedy. In applying the rule, the court is essentially asking what was the mischief that the previous natural law did not cover? The Mischief Rule is of narrower application than thegolden ruleor theliteralrule in the sense that it can provided be used to interpret a statute and altogether when the statute was passed to remedy a defect in the common law.The way in which the mischief rule can produce more sensible outcomes than those that would issue if the literal rule were employ is illustrated by the ruling in smith v Hughes(1960). It was a crime for prostitutes to loiter or solicit in the street for the purposes of prostitution. The defendants were calling to men in the street from balconies and tapping on windows. T hey claimed they were not guilty as they were not in the street. The judge applied the mischief rule to come to the conclusion that they were guilty as the intention of the Act was to cover the mischief of harassment from prostitutes. . The existent Rule Literal rule states that if the words in an act are precise and distinct then they should be used in their natural and ordinary sense. The court can not extend the statute to a case removed of its terms bit with its purpose. Neither can it leave out the case that the statutes literally include thought it should not. If any doubt arises then the mess behind the enactment of the act are taken into consideration. Thus if the words are clear in themselves then they are to be specify into effect. 5.The Golden Rule In golden rule, the meaning of the words are modified in order to avoid repugnance, inconsistency or foolishity. This rule applies in a few cases. In the first case the rule allows the court to prefer a sensible meaning, which would be the most obvious, to an absurd one even though both are possible. In some other case this rule will only be used if the words are absolutely incapable of coinciding with the obvious intention of the statute. It is only where the words will avoid an unreasonable result that they must prevail.

Geopolitics and globalization Essay

Geopolitics is a field of study that is obligated for analyzing history, geography and social science with a special reference to spatial politics through patterns of respective(a) scales, ranging from assign to outside(a)istic levels. It gives a sarcastic exami country of stinting and insurance policy-making issues in relation geographical frontiers. In this context, geography is defined in terms of function, size, location and relationship of resources and places. Traditionally, geopolitics indicates causative relationships and links betwixt geographic space and political berth.It is seen as a concrete line of theme riding habitd to essay specific and strategical prescriptions that lay their basis on the relative significance of sea designer and land power in the history of the gentlemans gentleman (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 33). The consistent concerns of the geopolitical tradition included the relationships between terrestrial and naval capabilities, the identificati on of international core areas and the geopolitical correlates of power in the arena of politics.Geopolitics were conducted through a geopolitical body, that was seen as an ensemble of relations between the interests cerebrate to an area, international political factors, ways, geographical elements and space. Geopolitics is a branch of political geography concerning the opinion of reciprocal relations between politics, geography and power as hale as the interactions that arise from their combination. It is at that placefore a scientific discipline with a basic science nature (Klauds, 2000, pp.12). Radically, contemporally use of geopolitics deviates from the original use in the 19th blow. Originally, geopolitics served as a reflection of international affairs low a strong check by social Darwinism. Under this, there was a limited significance of international law, global norms and multilateralism all of which signaled realist post of international affairs cynically. The c oncept currently denotes interplay of geographic space, strategic restraint and natural resources.In connection to earlier usage of the term, its growing use contains on board the need to reflect on the rise of multipolarity in the early 21st century and the renaissance of great power disceptation (Neil, 2005, pp. 23). As the world is ever-changing, there has been great pressure upon traditional or old systems of societal governance and operation. This has been a movement towards globalisation, a state where different social setups, economies, technocrats and political affiliates interact, share ideas, problems, challenges and experiences. A globalized society understands, anticipates and advocates for liberty and rights. globalisation encompasses the preaching of rights, justice, reconciledom, and peace move support of masses and bulk rule to citizens in promoting their own morality related believes. Through interaction, global community has become one society with commonali ties in political, social, economic, cultural and scientific beacons. Through the serve, ideologies of many communities have been alignment towards the same point in both material and non material concerns of life. This change has influenced the original interpretation and pertinence of geopolitics limiting the role it initially played (Ag untried, 2003, pp.45). Globalization is therefore premiere buzzwords in 21st century, referring to a world which is stretched, interdependent, integrated, shrunk, interwoven, connected and less territorially segmented into various cultural and economic zones. Due to the above description, it is seen as shorthand towards economic liberalism spontaneously adopted by governments of the world, as a social modernization scaled up from national to whole world status with time and also as an economic techno system of logical process through the compression of time and space, highly challenging geopolitics (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 34).Since globalisation and geopolitics aspects project some degree of compatibility regardless of the time factor, globalization is of late seen to replace geopolitics. Geopolitics was seen as an issue concerning great powers and empires imposing territorial control to various boundaries whereas globalization is a world that knows no boundaries. This means that globalization has geopolitical roots. Globalization represents a stark break of the geopolitics of the cold war (Brunn, 2004, pp. 20). The indigent world economy was started during the cold war, through the mantra of the new globalizing economy.Globalization has initiated a new regime of market access through a subverter process by international organizations including WTO, GATT, World Bank and IMF. These institutions have aid in departing from geopolitics through enforcement of radical economic liberalism. As a terminus a new economic geography has emerged, characterized by tension towards continued regulation of economic activities and a wor ld economy with organized move of goods and capital in locations that are widely scattered. Therefore as geopolitics spoil in the current society, there is significant aspiration towards a high level of global economic development.(http//www. informationclearinghouse. info/article11747. htm) Through globalization, the geographical logic of the world has changed by addressing the disparities between the territorial and interactional modes of capitalism organization. Globalization does not only reshuffle geopolitics in its nature of globality, nevertheless through the combination of global networks and localized territorial fragmentation. Geopolitics era structured the world economy into territorial entities such as colonial empires, states and geopolitical spheres of influence (Greer, 2000, pp. 30).In an other perspective, globalization is not seen to mark the end of geopolitics but reform it. The main novelty today is the role of economic prosperity, underdevelopment of cross-bo rder flows, networks linking nation to hinderlands and the increased differentiations between divisions and localities because of the existing biases along the spatial channel. This clearly shows that globalization has no marked the end of geopolitics, but entails its reformulation from an economic mapping ground on territories to a more complex mosaic of states, localities, global urban center regions and regions differentially integrated into the global economy.This means there exists geopolitics of contemporally globalization concerning the running(a) and originality structure. To indicate that globalization has not marked the end of geopolitics, social and political boundaries have not disappeared but are in a process of reconstitution along and across long established ones (Larrabee, 2003, pp. 12). Geopolitics was hegemonic in nature. For many years, geopolitics has been know to limit political and economic influence of many countries through dividing the world into territo rial empires and job blocs.The limitation was facilitated through enactment and enforcement of powerful strains to minimise the involvement in political affairs and foreign economic affairs. Geopolitics was highly supported by the autarkic dogmas of soviet communism and competitive trading blocs which were partly blamed for the great depressions of the 1930s. After the Second World War, a strong internationalist American agenda was brought in to counterpoint the effect of the communistic societies by sponsoring international investments, currency convertibility and free trade.This effort towards a free world order provided the groundwork to internationalization of global activities. harmonize to this explanation, we can say that geopolitics laid down the groundwork to globalization. On the other hand, Globalization can thus be said to be a kind of geopolitics that has undergone transition within time and spatial dimensions (Heymann, 2005, pp. 67). Twentieth century economic globa lization has been linked to two issues that indicate the linkage between geopolitics and globalization.These issues were both political and economic because they aimed at promoting as realization of Continental expansion and later to global expansion in political, economic and social spheres. First, expansion of market was viewed as a necessity towards social closely being and national political well being. Second, economic liberty or independence was viewed as the foundation for freedom per se. these views opened a new page as far as geopolitics is concerned (Buqajski, 2002, pp. 43). Early in the 21st century America underwrote continental expansion but touch foreign market for their commodities.However, the power of the government to control private economic activities was limited by federal subunits and the divisions of power between the branches of federal government. such branches included the congress, the presidency and the Supreme Court. This system depicts how firm and conservative geopolitics was. On the other hand it shows how globalization was challenged by the system of governance in the first place starting to grow. Globalization was experiencing a pull apart scenario from tiers of government and federal branches.Down the years, the country and other several nations have extended their powers beyond continental to global frontiers. This means the role of geopolitics in modeling the system of governance is decreasing with time, but it shall not bet forgotten that it serves as the bottom line for change, the change being renamed as the globalization (Herd, 2002, pp. 65). For globalization to be completely explored, it is necessary to assess the role played by geopolitics in its structuring. This is because of the commonalities the two concepts have. Such process will involve similitude between hegemonic power against democracy or devolution.The regime makers in this changing world determine the speed, scope and nature of globalization, regard ing how far they are free from geopolitics. The roots of geopolitics indicate the reforms in markets, concentration of political and economic power and hegemony (http//www. informationclearinghouse. info/article11747. htm). To show the current scenarios in issues of globalization and geopolitics, many media commenter, IPE scholars and policy makers criticize de territorial threats from set easterly on the failure to adapt and embrace globalization.This has forced United States of America to use force and bring Middle East to globalization through a slogan that gulf defines a danger. The Middle East is claimed to lie centrally to a huge region that is disconnected to global flow of security, capital and people to actualise mutually assured dependence. Americans have claimed to be fighting geopolitics in the Middle East region. It is said that geopolitical imaginary in the Middle East is blind towards networks of multinational mobility across the region. The study and considera tion of geopolitics in the region gives the micro foundations of globalization in the area.It is also widely believed that the rate of globalization is inversely related to extend of geopolitics (Gearnoid, 1998, pp. 35). Areas with high rate of geopolitics are thought to have low rates of globalization and vice versa, but no(prenominal) completely outdoes the other. This means both concepts are important for the involved elements round the globe to intermingle efficiently. This is built on pluralistic theory of globalization, stating that transnational processes and diverse global processes are heterogeneously shaped by agents and networks of alternative geopolitical imaginaries (Agnew, 2006, pp.16). Specifically the way to globalization can be evaluated by considering the geopolitics of touristry since 2001 in the Middle East region. As opposed to many, tourism has importantly developed since then. Public and private sectors in tourism that initially focused on tourism from indu strialized nations have redirected their efforts towards both domestic and regional tourist flow paving way to new, more regional and smart tourist development.Today, new and emerging forms of regional Islamic tourism and Arabic tourism, propelled by oil income expansion and consumer behavior shifts have remapped globalization subject matter in the region. Firms, states and various actors across Middle East are seek negotiation on own interaction with global economy, promising to vagabond manipulation of their local spaces and territory and therefore define their itineraries of globalization (Klauds, 2000, pp. 19).

Fate and Destiny Essay

The epic poem of Sundiata is unimportant without the concepts of band and luck. When the Mandinka king receives the divine hunts hu populacekind at the royal court, and the hunter predicts that the kings marriage to an ugly woman would grant him a mighty king for a son the Mandinka king must enjoy the prophecy. It is for this reason that the king, before his death, gives to Sundiata his son born of an ugly woman a griot. When Sundiata is older, he too remembers in the importance of harnessing powers of a supernatural reputation (Niane).Prophecies argon, of course, made through supernatural powers. Seeing that the kings of the Mandinka community guess in supernatural powers, their subjects must also be believers in the same. Moreover, band and luck appear real to the Mandinka multitude, which is the reason why the prophecy is honored by the king. But, even if most of the Mandinka great deal do non believe in supernatural powers, the view system of the king is expected to be first-class to that of his people.Belief in prophecy entails that ones succoring is determined, and in that respect is nonhing that one laughingstock do to change his or her urgency. Prophets are believed because they know the tidy sum and destiny of others. By informing people some their respective fates and destinies, they save their people from being misled. At the same time, however, the concepts of fate and destiny entail that the Mandinka king would have married an ugly woman, with or without the prophecy of the hunter. The king would have had Sundiata, too, regardless of the prophecy.The only useful sever about the prophecy was that the king gifted Sundiata with a griot because he knew that Sundiata would be a mighty king in the future. Just as the Epic of Sundiata cannot be understood without reference to fate or destiny, Things Fall unconnected focuses on a hero and his community, unable to change tidy sum in the face of destiny. Things Fall Apart obligat es repeated references to chi, a concept that refers to a personal deity that is available to all people to guide them to pull through their individual destinies.It is impossible for a human being to struggle against the chi, or his or her spirit force. This is the reason why Okonkwo, a courageous and searching individual, cannot change his circumstances or that of his community even as things pass away apart(predicate) for everybody except the colonialists (Achebe). In other words, the human being is powerless against the decisions of the chi or his or her personal deity who establishes the fate and destiny of every soul. The personal deity of all people has determined that Okonkwo and his people would suffer, and there is nothing they can do about it (Achebe).Okonkwo is a separate leader of a village in Nigeria. He is rich, powerful, brave as well as wise. He has worked hard to achieve his high situation in his village. Thus, the village elders choose him to be the guardian of a male child named Ikemefuna, who has been made prisoner by Achebes tribe. Okonkwo must keep the boy with him until the Oracle decides otherwise (Achebe). This shows that man has no cede will, and that, in f conduct, fate and destiny are determined by another. Human beings are not even allowed to make decisions by themselves.If they attempt to make decisions by themselves, they must be severely punished, as Okonkwo was. When the village elders decided that Ikemefuna must be killed, Okonkwo went against the advice of the oldest man of the village by killing the boy himself. Subsequently, things started to fall apart for Okonkwo. He accidentally killed another individual at a funeral ceremony. For this act he had to be sent into exile with his family for a period of seven-spot years. After all, he had offended the deities by committing the murder (Achebe).When Okonkwo re identification numbered to his village, he struggled for his people against the colonialists. In the end, ho wever, he had to kill himself (Achebe). The forces of change were too strong for him to resist. This reveals that mans determination, password, and courage have no power over destiny and fate. Even though I believe in fate and destiny, I do not agree with this grim vision of the same. Neither do I trust the fact that man has been rendered powerless by fate and destiny. In my understanding of these concepts, paragon, who is all-knowing, has written the fate and destiny of all people.His experience of all peoples past, present and future is their fate and destiny, in fact. At the same time, He has given unto human beings the power to make decisions for themselves. The Bible confirms this view. Although there is nothing that a human being can do to fight destiny and fate, individuals are free to use their intelligence in the best possible ways. Our use of intelligence in my belief is also determined by God. He allows some people to fly high at the expense of others.All the same, in the Biblical sense, such circumstances are a trial from God. He cannot be blamed for freehand one man a life of riches, happiness and peace epoch his brother is poor and living in a violent neighborhood. In the Biblical view, both men are loved by God. However, by severely testing the homeless man, He would like the man to turn to Him in prayer. The rich man, on the other hand, is required to be of help to the poor man. If he does not help his brother, however, God would continue vainglorious him opportunities to do so in future.In this view of fate and destiny, God also knows the people who would go to Heaven as opposed to those who would infix Hellfire for eternity. Even so, I know that people have free will to choose what they would like to do with themselves and where they would like to go. God does not stop us from using our minds to do as we please. But, as I have already mentioned, it is He who ultimately decides what we would think. So, while one man concentrates on s pirituality, another spends his entire lifetime thinking about the hypothesis of relativity.It is our personal destiny to think, do, and wish as God pleases. Of course, my understanding of fate and destiny is not the same as that of the Mandinka king or the people of Okonkwo. I do not visit soothsayers, and neither would I believe in all of them. Furthermore, even if it is unfashionable in our times to believe in God and supernatural powers, I continue to believe in fate and destiny. Works Cited Achebe, C. Things Fall Apart. New York Doubleday & Co. , Inc. , 1994. Niane, D. T. (trans. ). Sundiata An Epic of Old Mali. Harlow Longman, 2006.